Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene) is a strong antioxidant produced by plants such as black and red grapes. This compound is produced in the skin of grapes to protect the plant against fungal diseases and sun damage. In grapes, those that are black or purple in color contain the highest concentration of resveratrol. Grape skin contains about 50 to 100 micrograms of resveratrol per gram, while  wine concentrations range from 1.5 to 3 milligrams per liter. Since a glass of wine is nearly 5 and 1/3 ounces, a person taking 20 mg resveratrol supplement may ingest the equivalent amount of resveratrol found in 41 glasses of red wine.

Black Grapes Benefits

Resveratrol is one of the strong antioxidant, which has been found to play a protective role against cancers of prostate and colon, coronary heart disease, degenerative nerve disease, Alzheimer’s and viral infections. Anti-inflammatory effects have been demonstrated to prevent, delay, or decrease the severity of chronic inflammatory disease in animal models.

Antioxidant

Free radicals are unstable molecules that attack normal cells and damage membranes. Cell death caused by free radicals contributes to a variety of diseases, including heart disease, some forms of cancer and nervous system disorders such as Alzheimer’s. As an antioxidant, resveratrol fights these free radicals to keep the cells and tissues normal and free from damage. Resveratrol, may offer protection against radiation exposure, according to a research by the “University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine“. When changed with acetyl, resveratrol administered before, radiation-exposure proved to protect cells from radiation in mouse models.

Heart

Resveratrol dilates blood vessels to develop blood flow and increases nitric oxide production, which is a important part of healthful blood flow and heart health. A study, reported in the journal “Biofactors” in September 2010, found that resveratrol triggers the release of nitric oxide, which plays an significant role in relaxation of blood vessels. A “University of Michigan Cardiovascular Center” study suggests grapes may prevent heart health risks beyond the blood pressure lowering effect that can come from a nutrition rich in vegetables and fruits.

Resveratrol helps reduce inflammation and makes it more difficult for platelets to stick together and form the clots that can lead to a heart attack. In a January 2012 placebo-controlled study of forty patients who had suffered a heart attack, scientists at the “University of Pecs“, found that taking 10 mg of resveratrol daily for 3 months boosted endothelial function. Scientists at “Zhejiang University” investigated the influence of injections of resveratrol on the central regulation of blood pressure, heart rate, and renal sympathetic nerve activity in animals. Findings suggest that resveratrol strong inhibits blood pressure, heart rate, and renal sympathetic nerve activity.

Inflammation

That includes the inhibition of synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory mediators, modifications of eicosanoid synthesis, inhibition of some activated immune cells, or inhibiting the enzymes, such as COX-1 or COX-2, which are responsible for the synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators through the inhibitory property of resveratrol on transcription factors like nuclear factor kappaB or AP-1. Inflammation is one of main mechanisms of autoimmune illness and a common property of most diseases. Sirtuin1 has been shown to play a role in regulation of inflammation. Resveratrol, a powerful Sirt1 activator, has anti-inflammation feature.

Resveratrol is one of the major antioxidants present in black grapes and might help avoid and reduce inflammation in body. NF-kappaB is a protein that binds to DNA and regulates the genes involved in inflammation and generation of tumors. Resveratrol decreases NFkB (nuclear factor kappa B) activation. That’s why, its inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B may reduce the effects of related chronic illness. In the double-blind a study, scientists gave the patients 40 mg of resveratrol once per day. After 6 weeks of trial activity, blood samples from the resveratrol group far exceeded the placebo group in reduction of free radicals and blood vessel inflammation. (This research, published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism)

Anti-Cancer

The antioxidant effect of resveratrol helps to avoid damage to DNA, influences the transcriptions of genes responsible for redox metabolism and inhibits proliferartion of cancer cells. Researches have shown that resveratrol helps avoid cancer during all three phases of the cancer process; initiation, promotion and progression. Resveratrol has  been found to increase expression and activation of one substantial “suicide” pathway known as p53.  Also, was found to inactivate some enzymes of the CYP450 family in tumor cells.

IGF-1  (Insulin-like growth factor) is momentous in growth and healing, but, it also promotes cancer propagation once a malignancy has been initiated. A study showed that dosing with resveratrol at 2.5 grams/day caused a important decrease in circulating levels of IGF-1 and its binding protein, suggesting that suppression of IGF-1 may be involved in one of resveratrol’s anti-cancer mechanisms.

Scientists at the “University of Illinois” showed in lab and animal studies that may interfere with the development of cancer on different levels; by blocking the action of carcinogens, inhibiting the initiation and promotion of tumors and causing precancerous cells to revert to normal.

Resveratrol inhibits breast cancer cell lines via induction of apoptotic cell death, according to a research reported in the May 2005 edition of the Molecular Nutrition & Food Research journal. Apoptosis is a regular process that helps your body get rid of tumor cells. “Resveratrol has the capability to avoid the first step that occurs when estrogen starts the process that leads to cancer by blocking the formation of the estrogen DNA adducts. We believe that this could stop the whole progression that leads to breast cancer down the road.” (Eleanor G. Rogan, professor in the University of Nebraska Medical Center)

Scientists at the “University of Leicester” have been researching the levels of resveratrol which can be useful in preventing cancer. Using lab models, they have found that a daily rate of resveratrol equivalent to 2 glasses of wine can halve the rate of bowel tumors. Resveratrol was found to inhibit the self-renewing ability of human pancreatic cancer stem cells in vitro in a research reported in 2011 in PloS One.

Brain

Resveratrol protects brain tissue from ischemia/reperfusion injury. Scientists at “Johns Hopkins” showed that resveratrol induces production of the enzyme heme oxygenase, which is protective against oxidative stress. Resveratrol was shown to help minimize damage to the brain following a stroke in an October 2010 study reported in the “Journal of Neuroimmunology“.

Resveratrol protects brain cells by reducing inflammation in the central nervous system, according to study reported in the August 2010 edition of the journal Neuroinflammation.Neurons are the main building blocks of the nervous system and are responsible for signals sent between cells. Laboratory studies suggest that resveratrol has neuro-protective features.

Alzheimer’s disease, is characterized by a progressive dementia, and is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders in the elderly. Symptoms usually begin to appear after age 60. Resveratrol promotes the non-amyloidogenic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein, enhances clearance of amyloid beta-peptides, and reduces neuronal damage. Accumulation of soluble high molecular weight amyloid-beta compounds in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease people leads to the formation of plaques that are believed to be responsible for the memory loss and dementia that occurs with the disease. Amyloid beta triggers oxidative stress and inflammation that directly damages brain cells, particularly in memory centers of the brain. A research published in the November 2005 edition of the “Journal of Biological Chemistry” revealed that resveratrol, reduces amyloid-beta peptide levels produced by specific brain cells.

Antiviral

A cell culture experiment found that resveratrol blocks the influenza virus from transporting viral proteins to the viral assembly site, hence restricting its capability to replicate. The effect was 90 percent when resveratrol was added 6 hours after infection and continued for 24 hours thereafter. Studies in a mouse model of influenza showed that injections after inoculation of influenza increased survival by 40 percent compared with placebo injections. The amount of virus present in the lung six days after infection was 98 percent lower in the resveratrol-treated mice. (The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2005). Also, resveratrol enhances immune response in mice, as well as shown to protect them from infection by herpes simplex virus 1 and 2.

Chaga (Inonotus Obliquus) is a parasitic mushroom that grows on the trunks of birch trees. Grows in Siberia, Korea, Canada, the Northern US. Yet, because of the extremely cold temperatures encountered in the Siberian forest, Siberian Chaga mushroom is the most potent variety worldwide. Chaga mushroom has 29 beta fractions. It contains saponins, sterols, triterpenes, SOD, protein, amino acid complexes and other trace minerals.

Chaga Benefits

This medicinal mushroom is well known for its full spectrum of immune stimulating phytochemicals. Chaga mushroom is an excellent source for plant sterols, and beta glucan. But, its most potent ingredient is a special substance known as superoxide dismutase. Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) is the key antioxidant responsible for counteracting superoxide, which is one of the  most damaging free-radicals in the human body. The amount of superoxide dismutase in our body is important for our health yet it decreases as we age. Chaga’s superoxide dismutase quantity is 35,000, compared to other medical mushrooms which only have 1,400 to 1,500.

Chaga mushroom is rich in beta glucans which have immunomodulating activities. Beta glucans bind to Complement Receptor 3 that allows the immune cells to recognize cancer cells as “non-self”. Chaga mushroom polysaccharides effectively promote macrophage activation through the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, suggesting that chaga polysaccharides help regulate the immune response of the body.

Chaga mushroom contains high levels of betulinic acid in a form that can be ingested orally. The anticancer effects of betulinic acid, is now being studied for use as achemotherapeutic agent. Betulinic acid, is cytotoxic and triggers apoptosis through a direct effect on the mitochondria of cancer cells.

A water-soluble extract of chaga has been shown to have an antioxidant feature in cell culture trials. Experts believe that oxidative nuclear DNA damage over the human life span strongly contributes to age related degeneration and the development of cancers. Scientists at Kyunghee University South Korea examined chaga mushroom effectiveness in protecting cellular DNA. Cells were treated with chaga  extract then exposed to oxidative stress. The extract-treated cells had 40 % less DNA mutation compared with the untreated cells.

Studies have proven its effectiveness in treating many types of cancers, including breast cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, melanoma and stomach cancer. In 1955, following some years of research and testing, chaga was approved for the treatment of cancers by “Medical Academy of Science in Moscow“. In a 48 patient  clinical trial in Poland in 1957, 10 patients treated with chaga mushroom showed a reduction of tumor size, a decrease in pain, a decrease in the intensity and the frequency of hemorrhaging, and a recovery that was accompanied with better sleep, appetite and feelings of improvement. Scientists, at the Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, demonstrated anti-colon cancer effects chaga  in a experiment reported in the December 2009 issue of the journal Phytotherapy Research.

Chaga can be used as an adjunct for the treatment of those who are suffering from HIV/AIDS. There are  antiviral agents in chaga  mushroom that can inhibit the growth of viruses connected with HIV/AIDS.  There are experiments conducted in Japan which have confirmed Chaga’s antiviral activity by inhibiting the protease enzyme of HIV-1.

Ethanol extracts of Chaga have shown marked, dose-dependent capability to inhibit the production of the chemical mediators of inflammation. This leads to a reduction in the inflammatory response of the body. The anti-inflammatory and pain relieving properties of chaga mushroom  are thought to be the inhibition of nitric oxide synthase  and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). An extract of chaga reduced the oxidative stress in lymphocytes from patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Chaga Side Effects

Chaga  may magnify the effects of anticoagulant medications such as warfarin and aspirin. If you take, especially anticoagulant and hypoglycemic drugs, talk with your physician before taking chaga. Chaga is contraindicated for patients who are using penicillin or glucose given intravenously.

 Cordyceps is a fungus that grows on caterpillar larvae. The parasitic mushrooms grow on moth caterpillars. In China, it is referred to as “winter worm, summer grass.” Cordyceps is found at high altitude in the mountains of China, Nepal, and Tibet. The wild Cordyceps mushroom found in the Tibetan plateau is regarded as the King of Cordyceps. The wild form of Cordyceps sinensis is rare and expensive; therefore, a strain isolated from the wild form (Cs-4) is cultivated industrially and more commonly used.

What is Cordyceps Cs-4?

The wild fruiting form of Cordyceps is extremely rare in the wild and of this it is very expensive. Chinese experts spent many years looking for a vegetative form of Cordyceps that would produce the same active compounds as the fruit body; the result of that research is the Cordyceps strain Cs-4. In 1985, the Institute of Materia Medica in Beijing developed a fermentation method for the commercial production of Cordyceps Cs-4.  In 1987, it was the first class 1 traditional treatment to be approved by the Chinese Ministry of Health. All of the scientific research reported in the last years is based on hot water extracts of the Cordyceps Cs-4 mycelium cultivated in this manner.

Cordyceps Benefits

In Traditional Chinese Medicine, Cordyceps extracts are considered to be in the supreme class of tonic herbs, balancing and strengthening the body’s internal systems. In vitro and animal studies show antitumor, radioprotective, and antidiabetic properties. A number of polysaccharides found in Cordyceps are believed to play an significant role in enhancing the immune system. Several  studies of Cordyceps sinensis have especially focused on Natural Killer  cells and Cordyceps effect on them and cancer formation.

Two of the primary mechanisms of actions for Cordyceps sinensis are its capability  to increase oxygen capacity and increase  adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. This medicinal mushroom increases the effectiveness of the spleen to help it filter out harmful substances in the blood. It increases the DNA, RNA and proteins in the spleen to promote faster healing. Cordyceps could  help to protect kidney damage caused by certain medications like cyclosporin and gentamycin.

Immune System

Cordyceps sinensis stimulates the number of  T helper cells, prolongs the survival of lymphocytes, improves TNF-alpha and interleukin 1 production.  “Hunan Medical University” has conducted a study on the effect of Cordyceps to stimulate natural killer cell activity in 1992. Researchers found definite activation of NK (natural killer) cells in cell cultures and in animals. Body’s ability to fight infections and tumors depends on the availability of Natural Killer Cells.

Anti-Cancer

Cordyceps sinensis has been found to stimulate the number and activity of immune-system antibodies called T-helper cells and natural killer cells in the body. In addition prolongs the survival of lymphocytes, which are white blood cells that play a critical role in immunity. Research shows C. sinensis  effect to significantly improve immune system functioning in cancer patients and destroy cancer cells. The Cordyceps  boosts the body’s immune system and it increases the power and the effectiveness of the immune system T cells and macrophages. Chinese  Integrated Traditional Western Med  showed that Cordyceps enhanced the NK (natural killer) cell activity of normal patients by 74% and increased the NK activity of leukemia patients by 400% and similar improvements of NK cell activities was found in big melanoma cancer. In one study with 50 lung cancer patients administered Cordyceps sinensis mycelium in conjunction with chemotherapy, tumors reduced in size in 46% of patients.

Liver

Hepatoprotective properties of cordyceps  have been demonstrated in animal models. Studies conducted in patients with active hepatitis and posthepatic cirrhosis reported improvements in liver function tests. Researchers from “Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine” proposed the use of C. sinensis on liver fibrosis. C. sinensis  may assist with the cure of hepatitis B by increasing serum gamma globulin levels and bolstering the immune system. Research clinical studies on 33 patients with Hepatitis B and on another 8 patients with cirrhosis taking cordyceps extract showed 71.9% improvement on Thymol Turbidity Test and 78.6% improvement in SGPT  Test both of these are enzyme test showing improving functions of the liver. Other study involving 22 patients with post-hepatic cirrhosis showed significant improvement in liver function tests after 3 months of consuming 6–9g per of Cordyceps per day.

Kidney

Research conducted on kidney patients who suffer from disorders of blood pressure showed that after one month of treatment with cordyceps sinensis their blood pressure lowered by 15 percent. Also, they noticed an increasing of superoxide dismutase which, together with established reducing of lipoperoxyde serum, suggests the possibility of neutralizing the free radicals, resulting in less damage to kidney cells. Professor Li Shuo Shin discovered that Cordyceps can prevent kidney damage caused by antibiotics and other remedies without reducing their antibiotic effect. Other clinical study involved 57 patients with gentamicin-induced kidney damage, who were either treated with 4.5g of cordyceps sinensis per day or by other more conventional methods. After six days, the group that received Cordyceps had recovered 89% of their normal kidney function compare to a 45% recovery rate in the other group.

Heart

Extracts of  Cordyceps has been shown to exert useful effects on the formation of the atherosclerotic lesion induced by oxidative stress with few side effects in a study of mice. C.sinensis increases blood flow in coronary vessels to the heart, the vessels of the brain  and in peripheral vessels. In 1994, a clinical trial was conducted on 38 elderly patients with arrhythmia . After 3 months of receiving Cordyceps (3g/day); ventricular arrhythmias success rate 80%, supraventricular arrhythmia success rate was observed in 83%.

Respiratory System

Cordyceps enhances respiratory function. Several studies have demonstrated the effects of C. sinensis in alleviating the symptoms of several respiratory illnesses including chronic bronchitis and asthma. C.sinensis increases the body’s rate of respiration and improves lung function by improving blood circulation. Dilates airways in the lungs to oxygenate the blood that delivers oxygen to every cell, and the body utilizes oxygen better, and the lungs function better. One study of asthma patients showed C.sinensis had an efficacy rate of 81.3% in 5 days of use while typical antihistamine usage had an efficacy rate of 61% with symptoms subsiding in 9 days. The April, 1996, Taiwan pediatric Journal published that Cordyceps is highly effective for asthma and chronic bronchitis in both  adults and children. In 117 cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Cordyceps was effective in 63 of the patients after one month of use.

Energy

C. sinensis increases energy level. Has the capability to increase ATP production in human cells increasing your energy level.”The University of Iowa” reported that consumption of cordyceps sinenes by lab animals increased the liver’s production of adenosine triphosphate, necessary for energy release, by as much as 55 %. In addition, increased oxygen utilization in mice by 30 to 50 percent. In a study reported in the “Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine” in 2010, daily intake of cordyceps  appeared to improve exercise performance  of older adults. In other study, Cordyceps improved shortness of breath and reduced fatigue in patients suffering from chronic heart failure.

Sexual Dysfunction

C.sinensis  has been used for in Traditional Chinese Medicine to treat male and female sexual dysfunction, such as hypolibidinism and impotence. There are two compounds within Cordyceps , which are deoxyadenosine and mannitol, that have effects to raise the levels of the sex drive. It has been shown that treatment with cordyceps sinensis was over three times more strong in increasing libido of men with decreased sex drive, compared to a placebo. One of the test tube studies indicated that C.sinensis acted to stimulate certain male sex hormones as testosterone. Three separate Chinese double blind and placebo-controlled studies with over 200 men with “reduced libido and other sexual problems” showed remarkably parallel findings. 64% of the Cordyceps users reported important development at the conclusion of the experimental period compared with 24% of the placebo group.

Cordyceps Dosage

Typical traditional recommended doses of cordyceps range from  2 g to 9 g per day. Concentrated Cordyceps extracts are also available, taken at a lower dosage.

Cordyceps Side Effects

Use of C.sinensis does not generally cause blatant side effects. But, there have been reports of nausea, upset stomach and dry mouth. It is recommended that individuals with a known allergy to cordyceps, mold, or fungi, avoid using it. Cordyceps may cause hypoglycemia, therefore individuals with diabetes should use it with caution. If you take  diabetes medications, it might be necessary to make dosage adjustments to avoid low blood sugar. Do not take cordyceps if you have a hormone-sensitive cancer, such as breast cancer or prostate cancer. Animal studies show proliferation of progenitor red blood cells; for this reason, Cordyceps should not be used by those with myelogenous type cancers.

Ganoderma Lucidum is a mushroom belonging to a group of fungi named polypores. Reishi is the name for Ganoderma Lucidum. Grows in 6 different colors, however red is used most frequently. (The red Ganoderma lucidum is regarded as superior to all others). Ganoderma Lucidum have been used in China as herbal treatment for over two thousand years. Active constituents in Ganoderma Lucidum are sterols, mannitol, coumarin, polysaccharide and triterpenoids called ganoderic acids.

Ganoderma Benefits

The medicinal effects of reishi mushroom are the subject of remarkable scientific research. It has been demonstrated that reishi mushroom enhances immunity and fights the proliferation of cancer cells. May inhibit angiogenesis, or inhibit the migration of the cancer cells and metastasis. It is further thought that they work by inducing and enhancing apoptosis of tumor cells. Studies proves that the polysaccharide beta-1,3-D-glucan in reishi enhances the immune system by raising the level of macrophages T-cells, which has major implications for patients suffering from AIDS and other immune system disorders. In Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganoderma Lucidum is indicated for the treatment ofcoronary heart disease, dizziness, bronchial asthma, stomach ulcers, impotence, insomnia, depression.

Immunostimulating Effects

Ganoderma lucidum is used as an immunestimulant by patients with HIV and cancer. A number of polysaccharides present in Ganoderma, as beta glucans, have demonstrated antitumor and immunostimulating effects. Extracts of reishi mushroom have demonstrated the ability to encourage macrophages and to alter the levels of TNF and interleukins. Ganoderma contains high concentration of Polysaccharides, Organic Germanium and Triterpenes. These components are proven to enhance our immunity cells and develop immune system. The experts of Chinese Academy of Sciences confirmed that the polysaccharides and triterpenes in Ganoderma lucidum are the critical ingredients to maintaining a physiological balance within the human body. Studies have shown that reishi enhances synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins in blood plasma, liver, and bone marrow, therefore effectively prevent aging. Reishi polysaccharides possess the effects that are very similar to SOD which can remove the free radicals and prevent its harm to the body by stopping over-oxidation of lipid. Also, Ganoderma polysaccharides prominently enhance DNA synthesis in cell nucleus, and enhance the number of cell divisions, which results in delayed aging.

Ganoderma and Cancer

Combining with the inhibitory property on cancer cells provided by certain ingredients in Ganoderma, it becomes one of the effective medicines for anti-tumor, prevent cancer, and supplement to cancer treatment. The active anti-cancer constituents in Ganoderma Lucidum are named Beta-D-glucan. Beta-D-glucan, stimulate or modulate the immune system by activating immune cells such as macrophage and helper T-cells, as well as enhance the immunoglobin levels to produce a heightened response to foreign cells, whether bacteria, viruses, or tumor cells. According to a study Bellarmine University; Ganoderma lucidum contain polysaccharides, strong compounds that may aid in the recovery of cancer tumors by inducing apoptosis, or programmed cell death.

Evidence from an animal-based study reported in the July 2007 of Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry found that Ganoderma Lucidum compounds might suppress cell signaling processes involved in the development of prostate cancer. Reishi mushroom inhibits proliferation of human lung cancer cells by blocking NF-kB and AP-1 activation, reports a 2003 study described in the journal Interactive Cancer Therapies. In studies on patients with advanced  tumors, reishi mushroom  was prescribed for one month and the results found a important positive effect on the immune with an increase in T lymphocytes and decreased CD8 counts. Beckman Research Institute in 2008 found that reishi mushroom helps to revive the immune system and protect against cancer development and spread.

Liver Health

Ganoderma Lucidum enhances liver detoxification. In this way improving liver function and stimulating the regeneration of liver cells. These medicinal mushrooms have the preventive effect on the liver damage which caused by diversity of physical, chemical and biological factors. Is commonly prescribed in China for the treatment of chronic hepatitis. An experimental study of patients suffering from hepatitis B and high liver enzymes and bilirubin, patients were given reishi for 3 months. After one month, pronounced reduction in SGPT and SGOT were seen, and 3 months later all values were within a normal range. A study reported in 1995 in the “Journal of Ethnopharmacology” found that reishi mushroom helps maintain the body against free radical damage as well as liver damage. The findings of study, reported in the June 2006 issue of the journal Biotechnology Letters, shows reishi mushroom inhibits the formation of intracellular hepatitis B virus.

Cardiovascular System

Ganoderma Lucidum may help cardiovascular system and reduce high blood pressure. Triterpenes in Ganoderma inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and reduce high blood pressure. Two controlled clinical trials have investigated the effects of ganoderma lucidum on high blood pressure and both studies found it could lower the blood pressure evident compared to a placebo. This medicinal mushroom can effectively dilate coronary artery, enhance coronary vessel blood flow, and improve circulation in cardiac muscle capillaries, so increase the supply of oxygen and energy to cardiac muscle. Researchers in  Japan and China detected that Ganoderma Lucidum contains ganoderic acids which belong to a group of natural substances named triterpenes.

Ganoderma Lucidum contains adenosine which is a platelet inhibitor. This antiplatelet property prevents clot formation, regularizes blood flow in the blood vessels, in the micro-circulation, thereby preventing heart attack. Adenosine is a strong vasodilator and it improves the blood supply and oxygen delivery to various organs. By improving the oxygen supply to the heart, Ganoderma is helpful in preventing Coronary Artery disease and helps to overcome angina.

Insomnia

Ganoderma lucidum has a relatively strong effect on the central nervous system that makes reishi an efficient substance for therapy of neurasthenia and insomnia. The efficacy of reishi on insomnia and neurasthenia has been clearly described and stated in the China State pharmacopoeia. A Japanese study showed that long-term application of Ganoderma lucidum  promoted deep, slow-wave sleep in insomniacs.

Reishi Mushroom and Vitamin C

Ganoderma Lucidum polysaccharides have high molecular weights of up to 1,050,000, which makes absorption by the intestines difficult. Vitamin C breaks down the high molecular weight polysaccharides to a molecular weight of around 30,000, in this way that they are much more easily absorbed by the intestines. As these are chain like molecules, the shorter sections of the chain have all the same properties as longer segments, however are much more easily absorbed through the stomach and intestines. Dr. Fukumi Morishige, M.D. found that people given large doses of Ganoderma Lucidum (2-9g/day) had diarrhea, but when a large dose of vitamin C was also given at the same time, there was no diarrhea.

Dosage

Reishi mushroom is available in tablet, capsule, powder, tincture, syrup or dried forms. Reishi mushroom products have different levels of quality depending on the manufacturer. Ganoderma is best taken in the morning with an empty stomach. In addition recommended to take Vitamin C with Reishi as this will assist the body in absorbing the active ingredients in reishi mushroom. Researches have shown that vitamin C helps break down the complex polysaccharides into smaller manageable pieces that the body can intake.

For health preservation and prevention, you should take four divided doses of 2.5 g of reishi with food or 2.5 g on an empty stomach. For cancer, heart disease and chronic infections take 9 to 15 g daily, in 3 equal amounts. For general health maintenance, take two Reishi mycelium capsules twice per day on an empty stomach. And take 500 mg of Vitamin C per day after breakfast.When a serious disease occurs, increase the dosage to 4 capsules 4 times per day. Also take 2,000-3,000 mg of Vitamin C per day after meals.

Ganoderma Lucidum Side Effects

Common side effects from taking reishi include stomach upset, nosebleeds, dry mouth and dizziness, skin irritation, loose stool and diarrhea. Reishi mushroom may react with certain prescription drugs. Is known to affect how some medications work, including high blood pressure medications, anticoagulants and hypoglycemic medicines. Certain doses of reishi may increase the effect of antihypertensive, hypoglycemic and anticoagulant medications.

Patients who suffer from bleeding disorders such as hemophilia should not consume reishi without first talking to their physician. Reishi mushroom contains a component named adenosine, which may inhibit platelet aggregation and lead to blood thinning. Taking ganoderma with blood-thinning medications, including aspirin, can increase your risk of bleeding or bruising and should be done under the supervision of a doctor. reishi mushroom lowers blood pressure, therefore you should pay attention to your blood pressure medication. If you are taking any drug that affects autoimmune function, you should seek specialist help, as the active ingredients in reishi will also have these effects. Youshould consult your physician before taking reishi if you’re pregnant or breastfeeding.

What is a Superfood List? “Superfoods” provide antioxidants in addition to essential vitamins and minerals that protect the body and prevent aging. A superfood is a nutrient-rich food that has high amounts of phytochemicals. Phytochemicals can reduce the risk of some types of cancer, reduce inflammation, strengthen the immune system, or in some other way contribute to a person being healthier. Brightly colored superfoods provide antioxidants.  Super foods are nutrient-dense and low in calories.

Omega-3

Omega-3’s are long-chain polyunsaturated essential fatty acids that are vital to human health. Essential fatty acids are polyunsaturated fatty acids that the human body needs for metabolic functioning but cannot produce, and therefore has to be acquired from food. Its primary components are DHA and EPA. EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) is believed to play a role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease, while DHA (docosahexanoic acid) is the necessary for proper brain and nerve development. EPA supports the heart, immune system, and inflammatory response. Fats account for over 50% of the brain and DHA represents 30% of brain matter. The highest concentration of Omega-3 DHA in the human body is in the retina. DHA and EPA are essential in healthy brain development; however, studies in Western countries indicate most adults and over 70% of children may be deficient in these oils.  Omega 3 fatty acids may be found in several kinds of cold water fish including salmon, trout, mackerel, sardines, tuna, and many others. Vegetable sources include flax seeds, pumpkin seeds and walnuts.

The benefits of omega-3 fatty acids include reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke while helping to reduce symptoms of  depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, joint pain and other rheumatoid problems. Clinical trials suggest that omega 3 fatty acids may be effective to people suffering from conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, cystitis and other painful disorders.  With over 8,000 clinical trials, Omega-3 is one of the most researched substances in modern medicine. Recent studies are identifying potential  effects for a wide range of conditions including cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and other autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.

It’s  essential that pregnant women take in enough Omega-3 and that children in early infancy take in  Omega-3. In the last  three months of pregnancy, the need for omega 3 fatty acids is increased significantly, as this is the stage for brain development in the baby and DHA fatty acids are required. Omega-3  are even more vital during the third trimester, an important time period for fetal brain development.

Omega 3 are very important for the proper functioning of the brain including cognitive and behavioral functioning. Research suggests that omega3  fatty acids is related to a number of biological processes that have been found to be associated with depression. According to a research published in the 2011 issue of European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, there was a significant difference in self-reported symptoms of depression by participants who took omega-3 versus those who were given a placebo over a period of 6 months.

Omega-3 are essential for normal brain function. Docosahexanoic acid (DHA) which reduces oxidative stress and enhances synaptic plasticity and learning and memory is the most abundant omega-3 in cell membranes in the brain. Omega 3 fatty acids concentrations influence the production of neurotrophic factors,which regulate the growth of new brain cells.

Particularly EPA/DHA, do appear to reduce the risk of dying from cardiovascular disease. EPA and DHA help protect against excess platelet aggregation. Data from the MRFIT study have indicated that increasing intakes of EPA+DHA up to 700 mg/day are associated with overall reductions in all-cause as well as coronary disease-related mortality. Omega-3 fatty acids inhibit the production of thromboxane A2 and inflammatory cytokines. Both of these changes tend to reduce the tendency of blood to clot, which should the risk of a fatal heart attack.

Omega-3 fatty acids play an important role in the production of powerful hormone-like substances named prostaglandins. Prostaglandins help regulate many important physiological functions including  blood clotting, blood pressure, nerve transmission, the inflammatory and allergic responses and the production of other hormones. Omega-3 fat acids, decreases inflammation in inflamed joints, meaning less pain and reduced  dependancy on pain-killers and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

DHA, has been shown to reduce the size of tumours and enhance the positive effects of the chemotherapy drug cisplatin, while limiting its harmful side effects. A study in the European Journal of Cancer Prevention suggests a decreased risk in breast and colorectal cancer with increased DHA and EPA intake. Preliminary  studies suggest that taking omega-3  daily may help slow the progression of colon cancer in people with early stages of the disease. Researchers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center have found that eating omega-3 fatty acids regularly can result in prevention of colon polyp formation.

Green Tea

Green tea, is the unfermented product of the Camellia sinensis plant. Oolong tea is partially fermented, and black tea is fully fermented. Green tea is not fermented at all. Fermentation may reduce the levels of some compounds, such as antioxidants, in the tea.

Green tea is the best food source of a group called catechins. The principal catechins found in green tea are epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin gallate (ECG), and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). One cup of green tea supplies 25-30 mg of EGCG.

EGCG, besides inhibiting the growth of cancer cells, it kills cancer cells without harming healthy tissue. Test tube studies have suggested that compounds in the green tea may help stop new blood vessels from forming, thereby cutting off the supply of blood to cancer cells. These anti cancer actions have been assumed to be due to the powerful antioxidant effects of green tea’s catechins, EGCG (epigallocatechin-3-gallate).

Epigallocatechin Gallate destroys free radicals and prevents free radical damage of cells and DNA which has been linked to cancer and several chronic disease conditions. A randomized, controlled study published in the “Journal of Nutrition” showed that drinking 32 ounces of green tea per day led to an increase of catechins in the blood and a decrease in oxidative DNA damage among smokers.  Oxidative DNA damage is implicated in the development of various forms of cancer.

in 1994 the “Journal of the National Cancer Institute” published the results of an epidemiological study indicating that drinking green tea reduced the risk of esophageal cancer in Chinese women  and men by 60 percent. In Japan, a study of 500 women with Stage I and Stage II breast cancer found that increasing their green tea consumption before and after surgery significantly lowered the risk of recurrence. In test tube studies, green tea has been shown to fight pancreatic cancer by damaging the mitochondria of the cancer cells and inhibiting cancer activation. Studies in laboratory animals have found that green tea polyphenols inhibit the growth of esophageal cancer cells.

Dr I-Hsin Lin, of Shan Medical University, found that among smokers and non-smokers, people who did not drink green tea were more than 5 times as likely to get lung cancer than those who drank at least 1 cup of green tea a day. In one study, women who drank two or more cups of green tea each day had a 46% lower risk of getting ovarian cancer than women who didn’t drink green tea. A study published in the 2004 issue of the “International Journal of Cancer” found that EGCG significantly inhibited, in a dose-dependent manner, the production of prostate-specific antigen, a marker for prostate cancer risk.

According to the researchers injected mice with an antioxidant from green tea named EGCG and  it decreased production of beta-amyloid, a protein that forms the plaques that clog the brains of Alzheimer’s disease. In a the study, published in the September 2010 Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, laboratory mice with Parkinson’s disease were given the epigallocatechin-3-gallate,  and nerve cell death was reduced by 50 %.

The catechins inhibits several viruses, including viral hepatitis. Scientists at the University of California at Los Angeles have discovered that, naringenin and catechin, display powerful antiviral activity on tissue culture infected with hepatitis C. A 2008 study published in “Antiviral Research” found that epigallocatechin-3-gallate) inhibited hepatitis viruses by up to 50 percent. In lab tests, epigallocatechin-3-gallate , found in green tea, was found to prevent HIV from attacking T-Cells. Researcher Professor Mike Williamson, made the following statement; this  research shows that green tea , could  slow down the spread of HIV and could reduce the risk of becoming infected by HIV. 2011 research by the Linus Pauling Institute found that epigallocatechin-3-gallate in green tea has a powerful ability to increase regulatory T cells in the body and develop the immune system and suppress autoimmune disorders.

Green tea is associated with a reduction in many risk factors for cardiovascular disease. When compared to drinking less than one cup per day, daily consumption of five or more cups of green tea was associated with a 16% reduction in mortality from all causes and a 26% reduction in mortality from cardiovascular diseases. Green tea was particularly associated with a reduction in the risk of stroke. Isolated flavonoids found in green tea have  been consistently shown to inhibit the development of atherosclerosis in animal models. In a study performed by Dr. Nicholas Alexopoulos; found that the consumption of green tea rapidly improves the function of cells lining the circulatory system.

Ginseng

Panax Ginseng (Asian ginseng) is a perennial plant grown in Korea, China, Japan, and Russia. Other types of ginseng include American ginseng and Siberian ginseng. Siberian ginseng or eleuthero is not a true ginseng. (Siberian ginseng is regarded as the “poor man’s ginseng”). Panax ginseng was first discovered in China over 5000 years ago in the mountains of Manchuria. In 1976, four hundred -year-old root of Manchurian ginseng from the mountains of China reportedly sold for $10000 per ounce.

Panax ginseng is used for improving, concentration, memory, physical stamina and athletic endurance. The root of panax ginseng contains active chemical components called ginsenosides that are thought to be responsible for the herb’s medicinal effects.

Ginseng is known to be an adaptogen. Adaptogens, that has the ability to bring the body back into a healthy, balanced state. Russian researchers report that ginseng normalizes the level of arterial pressure and is effective in the treatment of both hypotension and hypertension. Asian ginseng may improve cognitive performance during prolonged periods of mental activity, according to a 2005 study from the “Journal of Psychopharmacology”.

In lab research using cell cultures and animals, ginsenosides have been shown to boost the immune system or slow the growth of cancer cells. Some clinical studies report that panax ginseng can improve the function of the immune system. In one study, 227 patient received either ginseng or placebo for 12 weeks, with a flu vaccine given after 4 weeks. The number of colds and flu were 2/3 lower in the group that took ginseng. Animal-based studies indicate that taking panax ginseng causes a significant increase in antibody production and increases the survival rate of mice exposed to viruses.

According to studies performed have found that people taking ginseng were 70% less likely to develop cancer compare to others and the more ginseng they consumed, the lower the risk of developing cancer was. Data from an epidemiological study show that ginseng improves survival and quality of life in breast cancer patients. The antitumor effects of ginseng were enhanced when combined with antioxidants.

There is evidence that ginsenosides can facilitate penile erection by directly inducing vasodilation and relaxation of the corpus cavernosum. Men experiencing sexual difficulties due to inability to achieve erection may be helped by panax ginseng, according to a study published in the Journal of Urology. In a study; male subjects who took 900 mg of asian ginseng extract three times a day for two months experienced a significant boost in their sexual functioning. Another study of 46 men has shown an increase in sperm count as well as motility. A male who has less than 20 million sperm per ejaculate has a low sperm count.

Ginseng may help control blood sugars in people with type 2. A study performed in 2000 at the “University of Toronto” showed that ginseng could lower blood sugar 20% more than placebo. According to a study confirmed that ginseng extract enhance insulin production and inhibit beta cell apoptosis. (September 2006 -Evidence-Based Alternative and Complementary Medicine)

Goji Berries

Goji berry is also known through the name of wolfberry, that’s grown within the Himalayas. Goji berries and lycium bark play important roles in Traditional Chinese Medicine, where they are believed to enhance immune system function, protect the liver and improve circulation, help eyesight, among other effects. Goji berries contain polysaccharides, glycosides, flavonoids and the carotenoids lycopene, beta-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin. In 2006, Time Magazine called the goji berry the super fruit of the year, and Dr. Howard Murad called it the most nutrient-dense food on the planet.

Goji contain special polysaccharides which strengthen defense system and are responsible for controlling your body’s most important immune systems. Research has shown that these compounds improve the body’s ability to resist disease. In some study groups with elderly people the goji berry was given once a day for 3 weeks, very effective results were experienced and 67% of the patients T cell transformation functions tripled and the activity of the patients white cell interleukin-2 doubled.

Researchs have shown the goji berry to increase the lymphocyte transformation level and strengthen the macrophage phagocytic function in animals. Contains a compound that is active against all major types of leukaemia called Physalin. It has been shown to increase splenic natural killer cell (NK) activity in normal and tumour-bearing mice, with broad-spectrum anti cancer effect. A Chinese study published in the Chinese Journal of Oncology in 1994 found that 79 people with cancer responded better to treatment when goji juice was added to their regimen. 79 patients in advanced stages of cancer were treated with the drug LAK/IL-2 combined with Lycium Barbarum polysaccharides . Regression of the several cancers was observed.

Goji berry contains betaine, cerebroside and pyrroles, which have been proven to help protect and support healthy liver function. In a study conducted in 2002,  found that zeaxanthin from goji berry inhibited hepatic fibrosis, a scarring response to liver damage that can impair liver function. researchers believe that goji berries may be a very good food to prevent liver cancer because it exerts liver protection and anticancer effects at the same time.

Goji berry are rich in antioxidants, particularly carotenoids as beta carotene and zeaxanthin. These carotenoids are highly effective in protecting the retina of the eye and improving eye sight. In a new laboratory study, this one from Australia’s University of Sydney, researchers found that goji berry extract prevented the progression of diabetic retinopathy.

In addition to antioxidants that protect against free-radical damage to the brain, goji  prevent the narrowing of the arteries that deliver oxygen and nutrients to brain cells. In a study at the “University of Hong Kong”, researchers theorized that since goji  extract has anti-aging effects,also has neuroprotective effects against toxins in neurodegenerative diseases, namely Alzheimer’s disease.

Blueberries

The blueberry is native to North America. Range in size and color and are often sweet tangy or tart. The color of blueberries, from deep blue to purple, is caused by a group of flavonoids known as anthocyanins, which have important antioxidant power. Blueberries contain high amounts of polyphenols than many other fruits. Laboratory experiments suggest that anthocyanins may help to prevent degenerative diseases, including heart disease, cancer, stroke and memory loss.

The antioxidants like vitamin A, vitamin B complex, vitamin C, vitamin E, anthocyanin, selenium, iron, and zinc contain in blueberries help boost the body’s immune system so enable the body to fight against bacterial and viral infections.

Compounds in blueberries called polyphenols, specifically the anthocyanins that give the fruit its blue hue, are the major contributors to antioxidant effect. The ORAC value of 100 gram fresh blueberries is 5562 TE. Their antioxidant value largely derived from polyphenolic anthocyanidin compounds such as chlorogenic acid, myricetin, tannins, kaempferol and  quercetin. The phyto-chemical compounds in the blueberry help rid off harmful oxygen-derived free radicals from the body, and thereby, protect the body from cancers, degenerative diseases, and infections. Several research demonstrates that blueberry consumption boosts serum antioxidant status in humans. Elevated antioxidant amounts  in the body may protect against damage to cells and cellular components, thus helping to reduce the risk of many chronic degenerative diseases. A study published in the December 2010 issue of the journal Mutation Research found that blueberries protected against DNA damage in laboratory animals. Blueberry extract, high in compounds known as anthocyanosides, has been found in clinical research to slow down visual loss. A study published in the Alternative Medicine Review found that anthocyanins may improve eyesight and  eye fatigue.

According to a study presented at the 2009 Experimental Biology conference, a diet rich in blueberries reduces cholesterol levels while improving glucose control and insulin sensitivity, lowering the risk of subsequent diabetes and heart disease. In the study on laboratory animals, eight weeks of a diet consisting of 8 % wild blueberries resulted in decreased blood pressure and improved function of the inner lining of blood vessels, where atherosclerosis occurs.

A study reported in the “Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry” found that blueberries inhibit colon cancer cell proliferation and induces programmed cell death. In addition to fighting oxidative stress, blueberries may potentially help to block cancer and heart disease through other mechanisms. A study by the “Department of Chemistry at University of Massachusetts Dartmouth” revealed blueberries have the impact to limit the severity of certain cancers and vascular diseases.

Proanthocyanidins and anthocyanidins found in blueberries cross the blood-brain barrier and offer protection to tissues in the central nervous system. Eating blueberries regularly may provide important phytochemicals and antioxidants  to your diet that will support your brain function and help to prevent age-related decline of the nervous system. The results of the study, published in the April 2010, issue of Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,” show that after 12 weeks of blueberry juice supplementation, subjects had improved learning ability and improved memory.

 Noni Juice

Noni’s scientific name is ‘Morinda Citrifolia‘. It is a member of the Mulberry family and is also called ‘Indian Mulberry’. Morinda Citrifolia has a long history and is considered one of the most significant ingredients in traditional treatments used by the Polynesian Kahunas, the healers of the islanders.

Noni juice is used for those with, immune disorders, cancer, depression, arthritis, hypertension and pain. Dr. Ralph Heinicke, noni possesses a proxeronine, a system which strengthens the ailing body and keeps cells from getting sick. An American researcher reviewed the results of 10,000 noni users and found that regular consumption helped alleviate symptoms in cancer patients and chronic pain sufferers.

Studies show that noni stimulates an immune response, as a result of polysaccharides, which are antioxidant-rich compounds found in noni juice. Noni  provides a very powerful antioxidant effect that was proven in research published in the October 2009 issue of Chemistry Central Journal.

Animal-based studies evaluating the effects of Morinda Citrifolia suggest that it may have anti-cancer, pain-relieving, and immune system-enhancing effects. Lab studies of noni effect on tumors in mice include evidence for reduced growth of capillaries in tumor explants.

Noni juice possesses anti tumor activity by stimulating immune factors like Tumor Necrosis Factors , NK cells (Natural killer cells)  etc. to attack the tumor. Noni has anti angiogenesis effect on tumor, hence inhibits tumor development. In a report to the 83rd Annual meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research in May of 1992 (University of Hawaii) the juice of the fruit of the Morinda Citrifolia  plant was shown to significantly prolong the life of mice with implanted Lewis lung carcinoma. The results obtained from was that it seems to suppress tumor growth indirectly by stimulating the immune system.

Researchers from the University of Hawaii found Morinda Citrifolia to have inflammation-reducing constituents and the property to suppress the COX-2 enzyme responsible for inflammation and pain.In vitro experiments with human white blood cells published in the January 2010 issue of Phytotherapy Research showed that noni stopped inflammation-causing proteins. Noni  has shown similar results to  called non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). A 10% solution of freeze concentrated noni puree in the drinking water of mice reduced the pain sensitivity comparably to the central analgesic drug tramadol.

Noni fruit juice  stimulates the body to produce nitric oxide and it relaxes and expands blood vessels, alleviating stress on the arteries and the heart providing valuable efficacy for health. Nitric Oxide, which helps to regulate the cardiovascular system, helps increase blood flow, providing stamina and increased energy during intercourse. Also contains scopoletin, which has been shown to lower high-blood pressure by dilating constricted blood vessels.